Universal brown dye and method of producing the same.



. in each instance.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES C. HUFFMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. ASSIGNOR T0 SUNBEAM CHEMICAL COMPANY. OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A COgPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

UNIVERSAL BROWN DYE AND METHODOF PRdDUC-ING THE SAME.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I. (n.unms llUFFHAN, a citizen of the United States. and resident of (hit-ago, in the county of ook and State of Illinois have discovered a certain new and useful Universal Brown Dye and Methods ot' Pl()(lll('lll the Same. of which the following is a specification.

My discovery relates to dyes and particularly to a novel brown dye soap having pa; euliar and advantageous qualities.

1 am aware that heretofore dyes ha re been incorporated in soaps with the object in view of providing a simple carrier for the dye and fairly satisfactory results'may be secured if certain neutral dyes are employed and if the water in which the substance is used is of exactly the right tei-nperature.

One of the most important features 0 my novel discovery is that the shade of color which is secured in the use of the article. is the same whether a large or small quantity is employed and whether it is used in hot or cold water. It is preferably used with hot. water for the reason'that the soap will not act to thoroughly cleanse the article unless the water is hot. The etl'ect of deepening the shades by the use of hot water is not present and this is ot great importance if it be desired to reproduce certain colors. The ordinary user has no means of determining whether the same temperature is enu'iloyed Neither would he be able to determine whether exactly the same quantity of tie dyeing material was employed. By the i 'e of my product the colors may be duplicated Withvease and certainty.

My improved dye soa1p should not be confused with1those in which the soap acts merely as a carrier or whicle tor the dye. as the following desflgiption will show that the final product is the result of peeulia r reac- .tions which take. place between the dye and the elements of the soap and which product could not be secured by the use of the materials hcretoforeiemployed or as heretofore combined. By reason of the novel process of compounding and the selection of sub stances which enter into the compound, a dye is produced which is equal if not superior to those which require boiling and the addition of a mordant for setting the color.

An important distinction-of my dye soap over any such article heretofore produced is that the soap is manufactured by the cold Specification 01' Letters Yatent. Patented .Jqu 1y 30, 1918, Application filed September 24, 1917. ..Seria1 1101192573.

process and many advantages result therelrom.

A further important distinction of the dyes produced by me is that they are alkali proof. irrespective of the charmterist-ics of the dyes. that is. basic. neutral or acid, before combining in the soap.

A still further distinction is that the dyes are universal, that is. adaptable to either cotton, wool, silk or tlax. or mixtures thereof.

()ne ot the important advantages following: the use of the method disclosed is that of allowing the glycerol. which is a ivy-product of the sapouilieation process. to remain in the product. This is liberated when the soap is dissolved and cooperates with the dye in attacking: he fabric. l urtlien-more, it as sists in fixing the colors following the application of'hcat, as in th act of ironing, after the fabric has been dried.

The dye herein considered is composed of a number of ditl'ercnt colors and the method of combining them without" precipitation forms an important feature ot'.this invention.

The composition and the method of preparing it will now'he described in detail.

ln order to establish a basis for the proportions of ingredients. it will be assumed that it is desired to produce li re gross of one ounce bars of the soup. To producethis tllltllltity. three gallons and forty-two ountes of vegetable oil and onqgallon and twentyl'our ounces of sodium lrvdroxid (NaOll) of a specific gravity otjlAt) at F. are combined. The oil oroils used may be varied.

()lire, soy bean. 'aisin, peauut, crude. corn or any vegetable ()Il may be used eparately or combined with cocoanut oil. .The pro:

."l'iOlllOIlS of the coeoanut oil and other oils .wlll va'ry according to weather conditions.

of boiling Water and added to the incom 1 10 pletely saponilicd soap compound in the order mentioned. Between additions u sutli cient time is allowed for substantially complete reaction and thorough mixing. The addition of the hot water together with the heat of reaction of the dyes. with the excess of sodium hydroxid. serves to produce a dye having, a complex formula which has not. been deternnned but which has the characteristic of beinp universal and alkali proof. The important point. is that dyes having different degrees of acidity and alkalinity are combined without precipitation. In ordinary practice it is h'tlUWli that chrysoidin \vill precipitate the red and the red will precipitate the. mctlrvlene blue it mixed in an aqueous solution. The linal dye produced is not. a mere mechanical mixture of the primary colors but is a new. permanent, alltiili prool 'lvc. Neither is it. a nu-ic mechanical l1|l.\tt.lc nilh the soap compound. The soap acts as n cogent and assists ill the l'orniation ol the new tjlllllpound.

Al'ter allowinc a few minutes for the re action to take place and after the dye has bccoine thoroughly mixed with the soap. the soap is poured into molds where it is allowed to remain at a tt'lll|)t'l'ilttll't! of about St)" If. for fort \'-L'i; "ht hours.

By comparison ol the proportions ot vegetable oil and sodium hydroxid it will be noticed that there is a substantial excess of the latter even \\'hcn the water containin; the d \'e is added. Of course, the amount of lhe saponityin;. agent may be varied soon-what but in any case an excess should be employtal.

it will be n ted that the glycerol is not removed from the product and therefore \\'ill be released as the soap is lissolved. It will be absorbed by the l'alu'ic along with the dye and will assist in lixin; the dye when heat is applied to the Fabric as in ironing. ll has l'm'tlu-rmore. an :nlvautageous cllecl on the l'alnie in sol'lening the same and brightening lbe colors.

In use the soap and the garnu-nt or fabric to be dyed are introduced into hot water and the soap is applied directly to the tabrie to thoroughly cleanse the same. llvcn though the soap i applied locally or only in spots lb coloring will be even, Furthermore. the hands or container will not be colored. .\l ter the article is cleansed and dyed it is rinsed in cold water and dried in the usual manner. 'llic dye will he l'ound lo llt alkali prool'.

l)ill'ercnt shades of brown from a copper to a chocolate color may be secured by variations in the pro mrtions employed. To produce a medium brown for the quantity of soap specitied l employ substantially seven and one-half ounces avoirdupois ot' red. seven and one-hall ounces of yellow,

live ounces of black mid half an ounce of blue.

Attention is also called to the tact that the soap is manufactured by the cold process. lly reason of this process of manufacture I am enabled to secure an absolutely unitorm product with regard to the colors prtaluced. The low temperatures employed are much more easil controlled and the necessary reaction between the soap and the dye is completed with a certainty which is not possible in a settled soap.

While reference is made herein to the use of sodium hydroxid as the saponifying agent, other chemicals having a similar action may be used if desired. For instance, potassium hydroxid has been found to operate satist'm-torily. ()l' course, th quantity of the saponi'lying agent required will vary soon-what in accordance with the strength or speritic gravity thereof.

1 claim:

l. The method of producing a mixed dye soap which consists in preparing a solution of vegetable oil and an excess of a saponifying agent, then singly adding thereto just prior to complete saponitieation such anilin dyes as are necessary for producing, the desired color and allowing the reaction following; the addition of each color to be substantially complete before the addition of another color, substantially as described.

2. A universal brown dye soap composed of the reaction products of substantially four hundred and twenty-six fluid ounces of a vegetable oil, substantially one hundred and fifty-two fluid ounces of sodium hydroxid of a specilic gravity of 1.-l() at F., sub stantially seven and one-halt ounces avoirdupois ot" anilin acid red, substantially seven and one-halt ounces of ehrysoidin yellow, substantially tire ounces direct; black, and substantially one-half ounce of methylene blue, combined as specified.

3. A universal brown dye soap composed of the reaction products of substantially four hundred and twenty-six fluid ounces of a. vegetable oil, substantially one hundred and titty-two lluid ounces of sodium hydroxid of a speeilic gravity of l.-t() at (15 F., substantially seven nd onchalt ounces a voirdupois of anilin acid red, substantially seven and one-half ounces of ehrysoidin yellow, substantially live ounces direct. black, and Substantially one-half ounce of methylene blue, the colors being singlidissolved in substantially thirty-two uid ounces of hot water and added singly to the. soap compound bet'ol'e saponication is complete.

-l. The herein described dye soap composed of the reaction products of a vegetable oil, a saponifying agent. and a plurality of auilin dyes having materially dill'erent. degrees of acidi y and alkalinity. substantially as described. 

